Research on the impact of urbanization on Climate and Ecological Environment of World Cultural Heritage Site-- A case study of Fuling Mausoleum in Qing Dynasty

Taking the Fuling Mausoleum,a world cultural heritage, as the research object, this paper analyzes the impact of urbanization on the climate and ecological environment of the World Cultural Heritage site.Based on the Landsat series remote sensing image data and meteorological station data from 2005 to 2020, the spatial and temporal change characteristics of urban land in the region where the world cultural heritage located are characterized. The temporal and spatial change characteristics and influencing factors of climate change and habitat quality in the study area are quantitatively evaluated and analyzed by GIS technology and Habitat Quality module of InVEST model.The results show that: (1) the urban land in the area where Fuling Mausoleum is located shows a trend of expanding eastward and southward along the existing urban land from 2005 to 2020, and agricultural land and woodland to construction land are the main sources of new urban land, which is in line with the characteristics of urban development and changes in Shenyang in recent years.(2)During the study period, the temperature in the area where the Fuling Mausoleum was located showed a fluctuating upward trend, the average temperature increased by 0.15C / 10a, and the precipitation increased by 102mm/10a. At the same time, NDVI showed a significant negative correlation with the average temperature, and a positive correlation with precipitation as a whole.(3)From 2005 to 2020, the habitat quality of the Fuling Mausoleum heritage site showed an overall downward trend: among them, the average annual decline rate was 0.36% in the areas with high habitat quality levels, 0.14% in the middle regions, and 0.5% in the areas with low habitat quality levels. The heritage site is strongly disturbed by human factors, especially the degradation in the east of Qing Fuling is very obvious, but the distribution of the degraded area is relatively scattered. The low-value and non-degraded areas of habitat degradation index are mainly located in the heritage area and the eastern mountain region.