Long-Term Toxicity of Therapy in Waldenström Macroglobulinemia

The most frequently reported long-term toxicities of therapy in Waldenstrom macroglobulinemia (WM) are represented by second hematologic and non-hematologic cancers: therapy-related myelodysplasia/acute myeloid leukemia (t-MDS/AML), disease transformation into a diffuse large B-cell lymphoma (DLBCL), and second solid tumors (SST). The incidence of t-MDS/AML ranges from 1.2 to 8.9 % and that of transformation to DLBCL ranges from 1.4 to 10 %. The risk of SST in pretreated WM patients is 1.69 times higher than expected.