Cancer immunity and clinical oncology

Patients develop immune-mediated defence mechanisms against cancers, which are referred to as the ‘three E’s’: (1) elimination—corresponding to immunological control of the tumour or immunosurveillance; (2) equilibrium—the process by which the immune response iteratively selects/promotes less immunogenic tumour variants; and (3) escape—when the immunologically sculptured tumour expands in an uncontrolled manner....