Interactive effects of temperature and controlled atmosphere at biologically relevant levels on development and reproduction of the psocid, Liposcelis bostrychophila Badonnel (Psocoptera: Liposcelididae)

The interactive effects on the development, survivorship and reproduction of Liposcelis bostrychophila Badonnel, of two biologically relevant controlled atmosphere (CA) environments 10% CO2 + 5% O2, and 12%CO2 + 9% O2, were determined at eight constant temperatures (17.5, 20, 22.5, 25, 27.5, 30, 32.5 and 35°C) in the laboratory. The life cycle parameters measured under nonmodified atmosphere conditions served as a control. A population reared at 17.5°C failed either to develop or to reproduce regardless of atmospheric conditions, whereas populations reared under combined conditions successfully completed their life cycles. However, development, survivorship, and reproduction were all inhibited by hypoxia and hypercarbia compared with the control atmosphere. Egg development was more sensitive to 12% CO2 than to 10% CO2 exposure. Nymphal development, survivorship, and reproduction were more sensitive to 5% O2 (10% CO2) than 9% O2 (12% CO2). Sensitivity was evident at higher temperatures. The first and secon...