Examining the effect of Helicobacter pylori cagPAI variety on gene expression pattern related to gastric cancer

Objectives We aimed to determine possible association between heterogeneity of Helicobacter pylori cytotoxin-associated gene pathogenicity island and gene expression profiles in patients with distinct histopathological changes. Methods Gastric biopsies were obtained from seventy five patients. Microbiological and pathological examinations were done and intactness of Helicobacter pylori cagPAI was determined by PCR using 11 pairs of primers flanking cagζ-cagA regions and cagPAI empty site. Alterations at mRNA levels of eight genes were investigated by real-time PCR and their association with cagPAI intactness and histopathological changes examined statistically. Results A larger proportion of cagPAI positive strains colonized patients with SAG (52.4%), followed by CG (33.3%), and IM (14.3%). Intact cagPAI was found in 87.5% of the strains obtained from patients with SAG, while significantly lower frequency was detected among those with CG (12.5%) and IM (0%). No significant difference was found among the studied histological groups and fold changes in gene expression of gastric biopsies of Helicobacter pylori infected patients with distinct cagPAI status. However, in each histological group, the strains with more complete gene cluster induced (ErbB2, CCNE1, CTNNB1, and MMP7 in SAG and IM groups) or reduced (TP53, in CG group) expression of the GC associated genes in relatively higher levels. APC, TP53 and E-cadherin were down-regulated in patients with SAG and IM compared with CG patients, irrespective to the status of cagPAI integrity. Conclusions Helicobacter pylori strains that carry more complete cagPAI segment could induce remarkably higher levels of mRNA changes of GC associated genes in all histopathological groups.