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Nanocellulose from Spinifex as an Effective Adsorbent to Remove Cadmium(II) from Water
- Source :
- ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering. 6:3279-3290
- Publication Year :
- 2018
- Publisher :
- American Chemical Society (ACS), 2018.
-
Abstract
- Nanocelluloses, in the form of carboxycellulose nanofibers, with low crystallinity (CI ∼ 50%), high surface charge (−68 mV), and hydrophilicity (static contact angle 38°), were prepared from an untreated (raw) Australian spinifex grass using a nitro-oxidation method employing nitric acid and sodium nitrite. The resulting nanofibers (NOCNF) were found to be an effective medium to remove Cd2+ ions (cadmium(II)) from water. For example, a low concentration of NOCNF suspension (0.20 wt %) could remove Cd2+ ions over a large concentration range (50–5000 ppm) in a relatively short time period (≤5 min). The results showed that at low Cd2+ concentrations (below 500 ppm), the remediation mechanism was dominated by interactions between carboxylate groups on the NOCNF surface and Cd2+ ions, which also acted as a cross-linking agent to gel the NOCNF suspension. At high Cd2+ concentrations (above 1000 ppm), the remediation mechanism was dominated by the mineralization process of forming Cd(OH)2 nanocrystals, which was...
- Subjects :
- Cadmium
Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
General Chemical Engineering
chemistry.chemical_element
02 engineering and technology
General Chemistry
010402 general chemistry
021001 nanoscience & nanotechnology
01 natural sciences
Mineralization (biology)
0104 chemical sciences
Nanocellulose
chemistry.chemical_compound
Crystallinity
Adsorption
chemistry
Nitric acid
Environmental Chemistry
Carboxylate
0210 nano-technology
Sodium nitrite
Nuclear chemistry
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 21680485
- Volume :
- 6
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- ACS Sustainable Chemistry & Engineering
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi...........ab5743635360060588422ff490a1ab22