Structural, optical, thermal and electrochemical studies of SnO2 by the influence of carbon derived from filter paper as carbon precursor

SnO2 nanoparticles @ carbon nanoparticles (SnO2@carbon NPs) were synthesized by a facile route using SnCl2·2H2O and filter paper as precursors for lithium ion battery. The different sized nanoparticles of SnO2@carbon NPs were prepared at different temperatures (400, 450 and 500 °C). From the powder X-ray diffraction study the various size of prepared nanoparticles at different temperatures were found to be 16.5 nm (400 °C), 28.5 nm (450 °C), and 35.6 nm (500 °C). Scanning electron microscope (SEM) study reveals the particle nature of synthesized SnO2@carbon NPs. The presence of individual constituents such as Sn, O and C was confirmed by EDAX analysis. TG/DTA studies give assurance of the presence of carbon nanoparticles. FT-Raman spectral study also confirmed the phase and structure of SnO2 nanoparticles. The band gaps of SnO2@carbon NPs prepared at different temperatures (400, 450 and 500) were found to be 3.64 eV, 3.39 eV, and 3.17 eV, respectively by a UV–Vis spectral study. The capacity of SnO2@ carbon NPs prepared at 500 °C was found to be showing better electrochemical properties.