How much we know about the attenuation of insulin signaling in the adipose tissue caused by glucocorticoid treatment?

Glucocorticoid (GC) hormone exerts numerous physiological roles that include modulation of immune, nervous, cardiovascular and metabolic systems. Synthetic GCs such as dexamethasone and prednisone/prednisolone are widely prescribed in the clinical context to the treatment of inflammatory-related diseases. In spite of its positive therapeutic effect, GC-based therapies may cause several adverse effects including glucose intolerance and peripheral insulin resistance. Reduction of insulin sensitivity in the adipocytes and adipose tissue caused by GC treatment is associated with increased lipolysis and abnormal Ser phosphorylation of insulin substrate receptor (IRS)-1 and protein kinase B (PKB). However, there is no consensus about the precise mechanisms whereby GC treatment promotes such attenuation in the insulin signaling pathway. In this paper, we will briefly discuss and present some molecular evidences that might be involved with this negative impact of GC in the insulin signaling in the adipose tissue.