Resonance in flow past oscillating cylinder under subcritical conditions

Flow around an oscillating cylinder in a subcritical region are numerically studied with a lattice Boltzmann method (LBM). The effects of the Reynolds number, oscillation amplitude and frequency on the vortex wake modes and hydrodynamics forces on the cylinder surface are systematically investigated. Special attention is paid to the phenomenon of resonance induced by the cylinder oscillation. The results demonstrate that vortex shedding can be excited extensively under subcritical conditions, and the response region of vibration frequency broadens with increasing Reynolds number and oscillation amplitude. Two distinct types of vortex shedding regimes are observed. The first type of vortex shedding regime (VSR I) is excited at low frequencies close to the intrinsic frequency of flow, and the second type of vortex shedding regime (VSR II) occurs at high frequencies with the Reynolds number close to the critical value. In the VSR I, a pair of alternately rotating vortices are shed in the wake per oscillation cycle, and lock-in/synchronization occurs, while in the VSR II, two alternately rotating vortices are shed for several oscillation cycles, and the vortex shedding frequency is close to that of a stationary cylinder under the critical condition. The excitation mechanisms of the two types of vortex shedding modes are analyzed separately.