Sickle Cell Disease

Hemolysis, vaso-occlusion, and ischemia reperfusion represent the clinical hallmarks of sickle cell disease (SCD). Renal involvement occurs commonly in SCD. Its manifestations range from the near universal findings of hyposthenuria to various tubular and glomerular functional and anatomical abnormalities—commonly referred to as sickle cell nephropathy. With increasing longevity of SCD patients, overt chronic kidney disease (CKD) and end-stage renal disease have increasingly been observed. Possible risk factors or genetic modifiers are associated with the development and/or progression of CKD. Preventive measures and therapeutic options have been developed.