Structural modeling of lobate scarps in the NW margin of Argyre impact basin, Mars

Martian lobate scarps are prominent tectonic structures interpreted to be the topographic expression of large thrust faults generated under compression. Here, we present a structural modeling performed on three large lobate scarps (Ogygis Rupes, Bosporos Rupes and Phrixi Rupes) located in the heavily cratered highlands of Mars, specifically in Aonia Terra, between Thaumasia Montes and Argyre impact basin. These lobate scarps, formed in the Late Noachian/Early Hesperian, strike parallel to the edge of the Thaumasia Montes, and were generated by ESE-vergent thrust faults. Structural analysis of craters deformed by these lobate scarps gives minimum estimates for the faults slip of ∼1700–3100 m. We applied two structural methods in order to constrain the geometry of these thrust faults at depth, area balanced cross sections and forward mechanical dislocation modeling, obtaining a depth of faulting in this area between ∼18 and ∼45 km, and dip angles between 23° and 35°. These results are consistent with previous studies of lobate scarps on Mars. The depth of faulting gives an estimation of the depth of the brittle-ductile transition at the time of its formation giving a range of depth in which the state of the lithosphere change from brittle to ductile-dominated deformation. The heat flow values calculated from the obtained depths of the brittle–ductile transition range from 25 to 51 mW m−2. We show that the brittle-ductile transition depth in Aonia Terra is set in 18–27 km at a larger distance from the basin center, while it is deeper closer to the Argyre rim (∼33–45 km). This difference seems to indicate a thickening of the brittle domain under Argyre main rim with respect to the external area but, attending to regional geology and heat flow values calculated, this high value (∼33–45 km) might be an overestimation of the depth of faulting caused by the presence of the crater rim elevation before the formation of the lobate scarps.