Exercise in Space: Physical and Mental Benefit

In the last decades exercise in space has mainly been used to counteract musculoskeletal and cardiovascular deconditioning. This is in accordance with the mainstream approach of exercise science to preserve and restore physical health. Today we know that exercise holds an additional dimension, affecting not only the peripheral physiological system but also enhancing neurocognitve performance and affective state. As a result medical interest in exercise as a countermeasure to mood changes and neurocognitive function has recently emerged. Special attention was given to alterations in brain cortical activity caused by exercise. These modifications are supposed to act as a multifunctional generator for the adaptation of mood, vigilance and cognitive performance.