Ginger and its component shogaol inhibit Vibrio biofilm formation in vitro and orally protect shrimp against acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND)

Specific isolates of Vibrio parahaemolyticus bacteria that cause acute hepatopancreatic necrosis disease (AHPND) colonize and form biofilms on the chitin lining of the shrimp stomach where they release toxins that cause necrosis in the adjacent hepatopancreas. One potential strategy to prevent AHPND is to inhibit biofilm formation in the stomach using feed additives. Thus, we tested ethanolic extracts of ginger (0.2 mg/ml and 2 mg/ml) for their ability to inhibit biofilm formation by an AHPND-causing isolate of V. parahaemolyticus (3HP) using chitosan coated 96-well polystyrene plastic plates to mimic the shrimp stomach lining. The extract significantly (p