Stress–strain relationship of sandstone under confining pressure with repetitive impact

A series of triaxial repetitive impact tests were conducted on a 50-mm-diameter split Hopkinson pressure bar testing device to reveal the characteristics of dynamic stress–strain of sandstone under confining pressure, and the confining pressure in this study was set as 5 and 10 MPa. The results showed that sandstone is very sensitive to confining pressure and strain rate. As the confining pressure and strain rate increases, the dynamic strength, critical strain and absorbed energy also increases, however with the increases in number of impacts, they decrease. With impact numbers increases, the stress–strain curve of sandstone gradually transits from a Class I to a Class II. The dynamic statistical damage constitutive model used in the paper can describe the dynamic response of sandstone under confining pressure with repetitive impact. Various influencing factors, such as material characteristics, confining pressure, strain rate and damage on the dynamic mechanical behavior of sandstone are also fully considered in the model. The damage curve changes from concave to convex as the $${F \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {F {F_{0} }}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {F_{0} }}$$ increase. When the $${F \mathord{\left/ {\vphantom {F {F_{0} }}} \right. \kern-\nulldelimiterspace} {F_{0} }}$$ exceed 0.5, the damage curve appears convex, and the damage is obvious. By comparing with the variation of the reflected wave waveform with the impact numbers, it is found that damage evolution law of the rock under confining pressure with the impact numbers is similar to that of the reflected wave waveform with the impact numbers, can reflect the damage degree of the rock specimen without other auxiliary equipment, which has been verified.