Letale Komplikationen der Malaria tropica bei Nichtimmunen: Eine retrospektive klinisch-pathologische Analyse von 25 Fällen

Clinical and pathological data on 25 fatal cases of tropical malaria were obtained from several hospitals in a retrospective survey. The patients originated, without exception, from non-malaria endemic regions (non-immunes). Death occurred in nine patients despite elimination of the parasitaemia with schizontocides. Life threatening complications were complex and apparently interacting. Manifestations of the disease included (1) initial acute renal failure, (2) disturbance of water and electrolyte balance, (3) cerebral oedema resulting in microhaemorrhages, (4) lung oedema, and increasing respiratory insufficiency even after elimination of the parasitaemia (in 4 cases there was histological evidence of shock lung), (5) myocarditis (histological evidence of cellular myocardial infiltration obtained in 4 cases), (6) hepatocellular damage, (7) complications associated with intensive-care treatment in 2 cases. The data allow no conclusions on the intensity and nature of blood clotting disturbances. According to this analysis the clinical manifestations of advanced malaria resemble protracted shock conditions having other aetiologies. However, specific cerebral and cardiac complications and homeostatic disturbances do apparently occur, the treatment of which requires experience with the clinical syndrome.