Room temperature multiferroic properties of Fe-doped nonstoichiometric SrTiO3 ceramics at both A and B sites

This letter reports the structural, dielectric, ferroelectric, and magnetic properties of Fe substituted nonstoichiometric STO ceramics. X-ray diffraction and Scanning electron microscope reveal the microstructure of the samples. The room temperature multiferroicity of the Fe-doped Ti-rich STO ceramics is successfully realized by M-H hysteresis loop, P-E hysteresis loop and magnetodielectric measurement. The origins of ferroelectricity may be related to the lattice distortions and antisite-like defects with net local dipoles. The ferromagnetism are mainly contributed by the competitions among the double exchange interactions, super-exchange interactions and the non-linear ferromagnetic exchange coupling. In addition, the ordered spin arrangement of the ferromagnetism is formed by the exchange interaction of Fe atom using first principle simulations.