Improved phase characteristic of a d.c.-pumped cyclotron-synchronous-wave amplifier

Extensive computer calculations of the variation of output phase with pump strength, structure length and input power level have shown that the a.m.-p.m. conversion, in a d.c.-pumped cyclotron-synchronous-wave amplifier, is minimised at a frequency below the degenerate cyclotron frequency. Two forms of the optimised amplifier are suggested.