Heterocyclic ring based colorimetric and fluorescent chemosensor for transition metal ions in an aqueous medium

Heterocyclic ring based R 1 –R 3 have been synthesized from the simple condensation method. R 1 –R 3 exhibit highly selective and sensitive recognition towards transition metal ions in an aqueous medium via visual color change and were further confirmed by UV–vis and fluorescent spectroscopic methods. Fluorescent turn on and turn off behavior was observed for receptors tested with transition metal ions. The interaction of transition metal ions and receptors R 1 –R 3 was confirmed to adopt 1:1 binding stoichiometry. Micromolar detection limit was found for R 1 –R 3 with metal ions. DFT theoretical calculations were employed to understand the sensing mechanism of the sensors towards the metal ions. R 1 and R 2 were also successfully demonstrated as a fluorescent probe for detecting Cu 2+ ions in living cells.