Efficient Data Transmission in WSN: Techniques and Future Challenges

Wireless sensor networks comprise of sensor nodes which collect data by sensing events and forward the data to sink or base station. Transmitting data to the base station is an energy-consuming job and needs optimal routing for ensuring less data loss and delay. Lifetime and performance of the network can be enhanced by balancing the load and energy consumption during routing. Changing the deployment environment also calls for new routing paradigm to attain desired results. Various routing techniques have been proposed for terrestrial and underwater wireless sensor networks. In this paper, we have comparatively analyzed the existing routing techniques and identified the present drawbacks and future challenges. This study will be helpful in designing new algorithms which will alleviate the existing drawbacks and result in better performance of the system.