Proximate composition, lipid utilization and validation of a non-lethal method to determine lipid content in migrating American shadAlosa sapidissima

Lipid content forms the most important energy reserve in anadromous fish and can limit survival, migration and reproductive success. A fat meter was evaluated and compared with a traditional extractive method of measuring available lipid for migrating American shad Alosa sapidissima in the Connecticut River, U.S.A. The fat meter gives rapid (