The clinical significance of biochemical failure in the first 2 years in patients treated with neo-adjuvant androgen deprivation and radiotherapy for prostate cancer

Lyme disease remains a controversial illness. The controversy is based on a profound disagreement over the existence of persistent infection with the Lyme spirochete, Borrelia burgdorferi, and the ability of this persistent infection to cause chronic symptoms in patients who are untreated or undertreated for the initial spirochetal disease. In this article, we summarize evidence from animal models, human studies and in vitro experiments that support persistent spirochetal infection as the cause of chronic Lyme disease. Specifically, the role of cysts and biofilms in this process is outlined, and the need for better treatment options for patients with chronic Lyme disease is defined.