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Alteraciones de la esfera mental: demencia y depresión en el anciano
- Source :
- Medicine - Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado. 12:3637-3649
- Publication Year :
- 2018
- Publisher :
- Elsevier BV, 2018.
-
Abstract
- Resumen Tanto la demencia como la depresion son frecuentes y condicionan un grave impacto en el paciente y su entorno. Ante la sospecha de deterioro cognitivo, es necesario: confirmar el diagnostico de demencia (afectacion de una o mas funciones superiores con repercusion en el funcionamiento global), realizar un adecuado diagnostico diferencial, clasificar y estadificar la demencia y valorar los sintomas no cognitivos. Se debe considerar la presencia de enfermedades cronicas, el deterioro funcional, el consumo elevado de farmacos o los problemas del entorno sociofamiliar concomitantes. Se recomienda el tratamiento con inhibidores de la acetil-colinesterasa y/o memantina cuando esten indicados, junto con terapias no farmacologicas. En la depresion del mayor es mas comun la irritabilidad, la ansiedad y los sintomas cognitivos. Se asocia a comorbilidad y/o deterioro cognitivo. La relacion entre depresion y enfermedad medica es bidireccional: problemas medicos como el dolor cronico predisponen a la depresion, y la depresion esta asociada con peor un pronostico para otras enfermedades. El tratamiento de la depresion en los ancianos es tan eficaz como en el resto de la poblacion, y es fundamental su deteccion y correcto diagnostico. Dementia and depression are both common and have a major impact on the patient and their environment. If cognitive impairment is suspected, it is necessary to confirm the diagnosis of dementia (impairment of one or more cognitive higher functions affecting overall functioning), to make an appropriate differential diagnosis, to classify and stage the dementia, and to assess non-cognitive symptoms. The presence of chronic disease, functional impairment, high drug consumption and concomitant social and family problems should be considered. Treatment is recommended with acetylcholinesterase and/or memantine when indicated, along with non-pharmacological therapies. Irritability, anxiety and cognitive symptoms are more common in depressed elderly patients. The relationship between depression and medical disease is two-way: medical problems such as chronic pain predispose to depression, and depression is associated with a poorer prognosis for other diseases. Treatment of depression in the elderly is as effective as in the rest of the population, and its detection and correct diagnosis is essential.
- Subjects :
- Gynecology
education.field_of_study
medicine.medical_specialty
Functional impairment
Cognitive Symptoms
business.industry
Population
Diagnostico diferencial
General Medicine
medicine.disease
03 medical and health sciences
0302 clinical medicine
Chronic disease
Medicine
Dementia
Drug consumption
030212 general & internal medicine
Cognitive impairment
business
education
030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 03045412
- Volume :
- 12
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Medicine - Programa de Formación Médica Continuada Acreditado
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi...........9a8c58efa6c861953f388afc7e231486
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1016/j.med.2018.09.002