Water Pollution Detection of Tigris River by Utilizing Thermal Remote Sensing Techniques: North Baghdad-Iraq Region as a Case Study

The land on which we live has a tight environmental system, and the elements of life in it must be preserved, as pollution rates have increased in general, including water pollution, and the environmental problems it causes due to population inflation. The development of modern science and technology can contribute greatly to preserving the components of the environmental balance. It was scientifically found that each body has a radiative value that distinguishes it from other bodies and this is called the thermal fingerprint of objects, and therefore the radiation signature of a body is what distinguishes it from other bodies. Accordingly, from here it is possible to reveal what these objects are without direct contact and know their components from distance. This study addresses the aspect of monitoring the spectral footprint of polluted water, especially the waste of hospitals and factories, which causes great damage to the beaches and must be monitored first-hand through the use of a thermal monitoring device and conducting field examinations directly. The study area was determined near one of the wastes of Baghdad hospitals on one side of the Tigris River and compared with the values of the thermal spectral footprint taken from satellites that carry thermal sensors The results showed the convergence of the measured values with the values taken from the thermal sensors, which confirms the accuracy of the thermal images in the (10-11) beam of the satellite