Tuberculosis Treatment and Adherence

This chapter will examine the critical clinical and public health importance of adherence to prescribed tuberculosis (TB) treatment and approaches and interventions which have been tested and scaled to reduce nonadherence. Despite adherence being central to achieving TB elimination, it remains under-researched and under-resourced internationally. Patient autonomy, ability and choice to take TB treatment raise important ethical and, in some countries, legislative challenges. New and emerging digital technologies provide opportunities to better assess adherence in real time and guide differentiated patient-centred care. Recommendations for policy, practice and future research are also presented.