The potential of Bacillus licheniformis as a bioreceptor to detect urea

Electrochemical biosensor based on Bacillus licheniformis whole-cell can detect urea level in a urea solution. The level was indirectly monitored through the ammonia oxidation reaction using B. licheniformis microorganism on an electrode surface. The working electrode was a screen-printed carbon electrode (SPCE). B. licheniformis pellet was placed on the operated electrode carbon and was added with various urea concentrations in the synthetic urine, and tested using a cyclic voltammetry technique. The biosensor system results in a limit of detection of 0.05 M urea, 0.0974 µA/M sensitivity, and linearity in the range of 0.05−1.00 M urea concentration with R2 0.994. We conclude that the developed system performs needs to be improved of analytic performance again.