Clinical observation of tuina manipulations for tic disorders in kids

To observe the clinical efficacy of tuina manipulations in treating different types of tic disorders (TD). Eligible TD patients were classified into three types, transient tic disorders (TTD), chronic multiple tic disorders (CMTD) and Tourette syndrome (TS), according to their disease duration and severity. The three types of children were treated with the same tuina manipulations. Changes in the Yale global tic severity scale (YGTSS) score, effective rate for tic, and cervical spine imaging examination results (including asymmetry of the lateral atlanto-dental interval, broadened anterior atlanto-dental interval, C2 spinous process deviation, occipito-atlanto-axial flexion/extension instability) were observed after 1-month and 3-month treatments respectively. The YGTSS score changed significantly after 1-month and 3-month treatments compared with that before treatment (both P