Investigation on the structural, multiferroic and magnetoelectric properties of BaTi1-xNixO3 ceramics

In this paper, we report the influence of Ni doping on the structural, electrical, magnetic and magnetoelectric properties of BaTiO3 (BTO) ceramics. X-ray diffraction (XRD) analysis indicates a phase transition from tetragonal to hexagonal at x = 2.5 mol%. Further, XRD data has been refined using Rietveld method to extract the phase formation, lattice parameters, and the phase fraction of BaTi1-xNixO3 ( BTNO ) ( 0 ≤ x ≤ 10 mol % ) ceramics. The ferroelectric polarization decreases with Ni doping concentration. The relative permittivity of BTNO compositions decreases while the corresponding dielectric loss increases with Ni doping concentration. Room temperature magnetic hysteresis (M-H) loop of all BTNO samples exhibit ferromagnetic nature with a saturated loop except for x = 2.5 mol% Ni doping concentration. At x = 2.5 mol% Ni doping concentration, a small amount of diamagnetism is observed at higher fields along with ferromagnetism. The origin of ferromagnetism is due to the F- center exchange interaction via oxygen vacancies. The highest remnant magnetization (Mr) is 11.76 memu/g for x = 10 mol%. The Magnetodielectric coefficient (MD) and magnetoelectric coefficient (ME) gradually increases with increasing Ni doping concentration, and are 1.72% and 4.51 mV cm − 1 Oe − 1 respectively for x = 10 mol%.