AS NOVAS FORMAS DA DIVISÃO SOCIAL DO ESPAÇO NAS METRÓPOLES LATINO-AMERICANAS: uma visão comparativa a partir da cidade do México

Neste artigo, abordam-se as mudancas experimentadas pela organizacao espacial e a divisao social do espaco nas grandes metropoles latino-americanas no contexto dos processos de reestruturacao e abertura economicas que vem tendo lugar na regiao a partir dos anos oitenta do seculo passado. A exposicao se desenvolve em tres partes. Na primeira, examinam-se os principais conceitos, argumentos, metodologias e evidencias empiricas, a partir dos quais se vem construindo, em anos recentes, a interpretacao das novas formas de segregacao e auto-segregacao urbana em diversas metropoles da regiao. Na segunda parte, apresenta-se uma metodologia e evidencias construidas pelo autor para analisar as tendencias de mudanca na organizacao socioespacial da cidade do Mexico, durante a decada de 1990-2000, contrastando os resultados obtidos com os indicados em trabalhos previamente discutidos. Na terceira e ultima parte, apresenta-se um proposito de interpretacao dos significados e alcances atribuiveis as mudancas previamente discutidas, a partir da tese de que, apesar de as novas formas de produzir e organizar espacialmente a cidade suporem uma ruptura com as modalidades dominantes na etapa da metropole desenvolvimentista, ao mesmo tempo podem -se observar continuidades significativas quanto a logica geral seguida pela divisao social do espaco. Palavras-chave: America Latina, Mexico, metropole, organizacao espacial, divisao social do espaco. New forms of social division within the space of the Latin-American metropolises : a comparative viewpoint based on the city of Mexico Emilio Duhau This paper approaches the changes experienced by the spatial organization and social division of space in major Latin-American cities, within the context of the restructuring processes and economic opening that took place in the region from the 1980’s on. The presentation is divided into three parts. The first one analyzes the main concepts, arguments, methodologies and empirical evidences, based on which new forms of urban segregation and auto-segregation have been interpreted in the several metropolises of the region. The second part presents the author’s methodology and evidences to analyze the trends of change in the social and spatial organization of the city of Mexico in the 1990-2000 decade. The obtained results were compared with the ones that were presented in previous papers. The third and last part presents a proposal for interpreting the meanings and scopes that can be attributed to the previously discussed changes, based on the thesis that despite the fact that the new forms of producing a spatially organized city presuppose a rupture from the dominating modalities at the stage of the developmentalist metropolis, meaningful continuities can also be simultaneously observed in terms of the general logics followed by the social division of space. Key words: metropolises, Latin America, Mexico, spatial organization, social division of space. Les nouvelles formes de division sociale de l’espace dans les metropoles latno -i americaines : une vision comparative a partir de la ville de Mexico Emilio Duhau Cet article traite des changements operes par l’organisation spatiale et la division sociale de l’espace dans les grandes metropoles latino americaines inserees dans le contexte des processus de restructuration et d’ouverture economique qui ont lieu dans cette region a partir des annees quatre-vingts du siecle dernier. L’expose comprend trois parties. La premiere examine les principaux concepts, arguments, methodologies et evidences empiriques a partir desquelles on a construit, au cours des dernieres annees, l’interpretation de nouvelles formes de segregation et d’auto segregation urbaine dans diverses metropoles de la region. La deuxieme presente une methodologie et les evidences construites par l’auteur pour analyser les tendances de changement dans l’organisation socio spatiale de la ville de Mexico, au cours des annees 1990 – 2000, en montrant le contraste existant entre les resultats obtenus et ceux indiques dans des travaux prealablement discutes. La troisieme et derniere partie presente une proposition d’interpretation des significations et des portees attribuees aux changements deja discutes. Cette proposition part de la these selon laquelle, meme si les nouvelles formes de produire et d’organiser spatialement la ville supposent une rupture avec les modalites dominantes, au moment de l’implantation des politiques de developpement de la metropole, on peut egalement observer des continuites significatives quant a la logique generale suivie par la division sociale de l’espace. Mots-cles : metropole, Amerique Latine, Mexico, organisation spatiale, division sociale de l’espace. Publicacao Online do Caderno CRH: http://www.cadernocrh.ufba.br