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Disulfide reductase systems in liver
Disulfide reductase systems in liver
- Source :
- British Journal of Pharmacology. 176:532-543
- Publication Year :
- 2018
- Publisher :
- Wiley, 2018.
-
Abstract
- Intermediary metabolism and detoxification place high demands on the disulfide reductase systems in most hepatocyte subcellular compartments. Biosynthetic, metabolic, cytoprotective and signalling activities in the cytosol; regulation of transcription in nuclei; respiration in mitochondria; and protein folding in endoplasmic reticulum all require resident disulfide reductase activities. In the cytosol, two NADPH-dependent enzymes, glutathione reductase and thioredoxin reductase, as well as a recently identified NADPH-independent system that uses catabolism of methionine to maintain pools of reduced glutathione, supply disulfide reducing power. However the necessary discontinuity between the cytosol and the interior of organelles restricts the ability of the cytosolic systems to support needs in other compartments. Maintenance of molecular- and charge-gradients across the inner-mitochondrial membrane, which is needed for oxidative phosphorylation, mandates that the matrix maintain an autonomous set of NADPH-dependent disulfide reductase systems. Elsewhere, complex mechanisms mediate the transfer of cytosolic reducing power into specific compartments. The redox needs in each compartment also differ, with the lumen of the endoplasmic reticulum, the mitochondrial inter-membrane space and some signalling proteins in the cytosol each requiring different levels of protein oxidation. Here, we present an overview of the current understanding of the disulfide reductase systems in major subcellular compartments of hepatocytes, integrating knowledge obtained from direct analyses on liver with inferences from other model systems. Additionally, we discuss relevant advances in the expanding field of redox signalling. LINKED ARTICLES: This article is part of a themed section on Chemical Biology of Reactive Sulfur Species. To view the other articles in this section visit http://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/10.1111/bph.v176.4/issuetoc.
- Subjects :
- 0301 basic medicine
Pharmacology
Endoplasmic reticulum
Thioredoxin reductase
Glutathione reductase
Glutathione
Reductase
Protein oxidation
Cell biology
03 medical and health sciences
chemistry.chemical_compound
Cytosol
030104 developmental biology
0302 clinical medicine
medicine.anatomical_structure
chemistry
Hepatocyte
medicine
030217 neurology & neurosurgery
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 00071188
- Volume :
- 176
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- British Journal of Pharmacology
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi...........930415a44ab99c7c0f8c7be677303376
- Full Text :
- https://doi.org/10.1111/bph.14498