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The Great Space Weather Event during 1872 February Recorded in East Asia
- Source :
- The Astrophysical Journal. 862:15
- Publication Year :
- 2018
- Publisher :
- American Astronomical Society, 2018.
-
Abstract
- The study of historical great geomagnetic storms is crucial for assessing the possible risks to the technological infrastructure of a modern society, caused by extreme space–weather events. The normal benchmark has been the great geomagnetic storm of 1859 September, the so-called "Carrington Event." However, there are numerous records of another great geomagnetic storm in 1872 February. This storm, which occurred about 12 years after the Carrington Event, resulted in comparable magnetic disturbances and auroral displays over large areas of the Earth. We have revisited this great geomagnetic storm in terms of the auroral and sunspot records in historical documents from East Asia. In particular, we have surveyed the auroral records from East Asia and estimated the equatorward boundary of the auroral oval to be near 242 invariant latitude, on the basis that the aurora was seen near the zenith at Shanghai (20° magnetic latitude, MLAT). These results confirm that this geomagnetic storm of 1872 February was as extreme as the Carrington Event, at least in terms of the equatorward motion of the auroral oval. Indeed, our results support the interpretation of the simultaneous auroral observations made at Bombay (10° MLAT). The East Asian auroral records have indicated extreme brightness, suggesting unusual precipitation of high-intensity, low-energy electrons during this geomagnetic storm. We have compared the duration of the East Asian auroral displays with magnetic observations in Bombay and found that the auroral displays occurred in the initial phase, main phase, and early recovery phase of the magnetic storm.
- Subjects :
- Solar storm of 1859
Physics
Geomagnetic storm
Sunspot
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences
Solar flare
Astronomy and Astrophysics
Storm
Dipole model of the Earth's magnetic field
Space weather
01 natural sciences
Latitude
Space and Planetary Science
Climatology
0103 physical sciences
010303 astronomy & astrophysics
0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 15384357
- Volume :
- 862
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- The Astrophysical Journal
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi...........926db7d176ab703d15824de62f0bd51d