The prognostic value of brain natriuretic peptide in patients with heart failure and left ventricular ejection fraction higher than 60%: a sub-analysis of the J-MELODIC study

Aims Cardiac function varies in the population of patients with heart failure (HF) with preserved left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF; HFpEF). This study investigated the heterogeneity of clinical features associated with HF and the prognostic value of BNP levels in patients with HFpEF. Methods and results The study enrolled 288 patients with stable HF and serum creatinine 40%, n = 205). Patients with HFpEF were further categorized as having relatively low LVEF (HFrlEF; EF 40–60%, n = 107) or as having relatively high LVEF (HFrhEF; EF ≥ 60%, n = 98). We defined cardiovascular death and hospitalization for HF as adverse events and evaluated the prognostic value of the BNP levels in each group. There was no significant difference in event-free survival between HFpEF and HFrEF patients or between HFrhEF and HFrlEF patients. A multivariate Cox proportional hazards model revealed that the BNP level was an independent predictor of adverse events in HFrEF patients (hazard ratio: 4.088, 95% confidence interval: 1.178–14.179, P = 0.027) and in HFrlEF patients (hazard ratio: 14.888, 95% confidence interval: 4.969–44.608, P