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Predictors of water quality in rural healthcare facilities in 14 low- and middle-income countries
- Source :
- Journal of Cleaner Production. 237:117836
- Publication Year :
- 2019
- Publisher :
- Elsevier BV, 2019.
-
Abstract
- Many healthcare facilities (HCFs) in rural areas of low- and middle-income countries (LMICs) lack safe, sufficient water supplies. We sought to understand which factors affect water quality in rural HCF in LMICs. In Ethiopia, Ghana, Honduras, India, Kenya, Malawi, Mali, Mozambique, Niger, Rwanda, Tanzania, Uganda, Zambia, and Zimbabwe, doctors and nurses were interviewed at over 2000 outpatient HCFs about their water source, staff training, and management practices. Water samples were also tested for contamination with E. coli. We generated descriptive analyses and logistic regressions. Overall, 52% of surveyed HCFs used at least a basic water service, 23% used a limited water service, and 25% had no water service as defined by the WHO/UNICEF Joint Monitoring Programme. Use of an improved water source type (OR ≈ 1.4–1.7), treatment of water (OR = 1.26), management by a person with medical training (OR ≈ 3.4–8.9), and presence of a protocol for operations and management (OR = 1.29) were associated with safer water. These results suggest that in addition to addressing water source, storage, and treatment, stakeholders should also target organizational factors in order to improve water quality in HCFs.
- Subjects :
- Improved water source
020209 energy
Strategy and Management
media_common.quotation_subject
Water source
02 engineering and technology
Industrial and Manufacturing Engineering
Environmental health
parasitic diseases
Health care
0202 electrical engineering, electronic engineering, information engineering
0505 law
General Environmental Science
media_common
biology
Renewable Energy, Sustainability and the Environment
business.industry
05 social sciences
biology.organism_classification
Tanzania
Low and middle income countries
Service (economics)
050501 criminology
Business
Water quality
Rural area
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 09596526
- Volume :
- 237
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Journal of Cleaner Production
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi...........91df00efdc3c0d63d2f96d38cfad2b64