Flight and Dispersal of the European Pine Shoot Moth, Rhyacionia buoliana (Schiff.) II. Natural Dispersal of Egg-laden Females

In the first paper of this series (3), the factors affecting flight, and the flight potential of egg-laden females of the European pine shoot moth, Rhyacionia buoliona (Schiff.), were discussed. It was shown that the adults are relatively strong fliers, with a potential flight range greater than indicated in much of the earlier literature. It was also pointed out that natural dispersal of this species is dependent upon flight and subsequent oviposition by gravid females because unmated females seldom fly, and little, if any, population dispersal occurs through the long range movements of early instars drifting on silk. This final paper of the series deals with field studies designed to obtain information concerning the dispersal tendencies of gravid females under natural field conditions.