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Relative pollen productivity estimates of savanna taxa from southern Africa and their application to reconstruct shrub encroachment during the last century
- Source :
- The Holocene. 31:1100-1111
- Publication Year :
- 2021
- Publisher :
- SAGE Publications, 2021.
-
Abstract
- To understand the resilience of African savannas to global change, quantitative information on the long-term dynamics of vegetation is required. Past dynamics can be reconstructed with the REVEALS model, which requires pollen productivity estimates (PPE) that are calibrated using surface pollen and vegetation data. Here we calculated PPE values for five savanna taxa using the extended R-value (ERV) model and two pollen dispersal options: the Gaussian plume model (GPM) and the Lagrangian stochastic model (LSM). The ERV calculations failed to produce a reliable PPE for Poaceae. We therefore used Combretaceae as the reference taxon – although values obtained with Poaceae as the reference taxon are presented in the supplement. Our results indicate that Combretaceae is the taxon with the highest pollen productivity and Grewia the taxon with the lowest productivity. Acacia and Dichrostachys are intermediate pollen producers. We find no clear indication of whether the GPM PPEs or the LSM PPEs are more realistic, but the differences between these values confirmed that the pollen fall speed has a greater effect in the modelling of GPM than in the LSM. We also applied REVEALS to the pollen record of Lake Otjikoto (northern Namibia) and obtained the first quantitative reconstruction of the last 130 years of vegetation history in the region. Cover estimates for Poaceae indicate the predominance of a semi-open landscape throughout the 20th century, while cover values below 50% since the 21st century correspond to a thick savanna. This change in grass cover is associated with the spread of Vachellia, Senegalia and Grewia reflecting an encroached state.
- Subjects :
- 010506 paleontology
Archeology
010504 meteorology & atmospheric sciences
media_common.quotation_subject
ved/biology.organism_classification_rank.species
medicine.disease_cause
01 natural sciences
Shrub
Pollen
medicine
0105 earth and related environmental sciences
Earth-Surface Processes
media_common
2. Zero hunger
Global and Planetary Change
Ecology
ved/biology
Paleontology
Global change
Vegetation
15. Life on land
Pollen dispersal
Geography
Taxon
Productivity (ecology)
Psychological resilience
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 14770911 and 09596836
- Volume :
- 31
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- The Holocene
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi...........8992501984042c93f5e77569e1beecd9