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Droplet microfluidic chip-ICP–MS-based single-cell analysis for study of cellular behavior of macrophages to thimerosal
- Source :
- Metallomics. 15
- Publication Year :
- 2023
- Publisher :
- Oxford University Press (OUP), 2023.
-
Abstract
- Thimerosal (THI) is widely used as an antimicrobial preservative, but can hydrolyze to ethylmercury, causing potentially neurotoxicity. In this work, a THP-1 cell line was used to investigate the biological behavior of THI. An on-line droplet microfluidic chip system combined with time-resolved inductively coupled plasma mass spectrometry was used to quantify Hg in single THP-1 cells. The cellular uptake and elimination behaviors of THI were studied, and the toxicity of THI in terms of redox balance was discussed. The results showed that a small number of cells (200 fg/cell) for THI, and most of the cells (68.8–85.8% for different exposure groups at 25 h) exhibited a relatively low uptake content (2 fg/cell), indicating Hg could not be eliminated completely, which may cause cumulative toxicity to macrophages. Moreover, it was found that exposure to THI even at 50 ng/mL can cause cellular oxidative stress behavior, leading to an increase in reactive oxygen species level and a decrease in glutathione level. This trend would continue for a period of time after stopping THI exposure. With the elimination of Hg, the redox balance of cells showed a tendency to stabilize and restore, but cannot be restored to normal status, indicating a long-term chronic toxicity of THI to THP-1 cells.
- Subjects :
- Biomaterials
Chemistry (miscellaneous)
Metals and Alloys
Biophysics
Biochemistry
Subjects
Details
- ISSN :
- 1756591X
- Volume :
- 15
- Database :
- OpenAIRE
- Journal :
- Metallomics
- Accession number :
- edsair.doi...........896582fdcfd40d0ac453dbe301240b1e