Flat-Back Syndrome as post traumatic or post scoliosis treatment disorder of the spine

The term flat-back syndrome has been used to describe symptoms resulting from distraction instrumentation into the lower lumbar spine or sacrum and other factors that may aggravate the loss of lumbar lordosis include thoracolumbar kyphosis, fixed thoracic kyphosis, hip flexion contractures, and pseudarthrosis , although loss of lumbar lordosis may occur with modern segmental implant systems if precautions to preserve lumbar lordosis are not taken loss of lumbar lordosis with forward inclination of the trunk, inability to stand upright, and back pain. The aim of this paper is to review the literature to determinate causes and clinical presentation of Flat-Back Syndrome.