Restrictive measures in forensic mental health and their role in recovery: a narrative literature review

Forensic mental health inpatient services are required to use restrictive interventions within their care and treatment, in the interests of security and risk management of people with mental illness and a history of criminal offence. However, such restrictive practices can often hinder the patient's process of recovery as well as the mental health professional's ability to provide recovery-oriented care. As some research suggests that restrictive measures are often favoured over more therapeutic options, there is a need to understand the influence this has on rehabilitation and the available alternatives. A narrative literature review was conducted to identify the specific restrictive measures that are used within these services and suggest alternative therapeutic strategies. A variety of methods of coercive treatment were identified, leading to recommendations around areas such as training, processes and therapeutic milieu.