Thermodynamic database for phase diagrams in micro-soldering alloys

A thermodynamic database for the calculation of phase diagrams in micro-soldering alloy systems, which include the elements Pb, Bi, Sn, Sb, Cu, Ag, and Zn has been developed using the CALPHAD method. The various thermodynamic parameters for describing the Gibbs energies of the different constituent phases have been evaluated by optimizing experimental data on phase boundary compositions and thermochemical properties such as activity, heat of mixing and enthalpy of formation. The resulting database provides the means whereby the liquidus and solidus surfaces, isothermal and vertical section diagrams, phase percentages and the mole fraction of the phase constitutions etc., in multi-component soldering alloys can be readily calculated. Related information such as the surface tension and viscosity of the liquid phase can also be predicted, thus rendering the database as a valuable tool for developing leadbearing and lead-free solders.