Sphincter Repair and Postanal Repair

Anorectal continence is determined by numerous factors, including the function of internal and external anal sphincters, anal sensation, anorectal angle, stool consistency, and rectal compliance. Disturbances in one or several of these factors may cause fecal incontinence; hence treatment options vary based on the etiology and severity. Common causes include obstetric trauma, prior anorectal surgery, and altered bowel habits. Prior to initiating treatment, candidates for anal sphincter repair should obtain a full diagnostic workup. If a distinct defect is identified, sphincter repair is one treatment option and is usually performed with an overlapping technique. Overlapping sphincteroplasty remains a viable surgical treatment option for isolated, preferably anterior, sphincter defects.