Bile Duct Injuries

The majority of the injuries of the biliary tract is iatrogenic. They are usually associated with operations in the upper abdomen. More than 80% of the injuries occur during cholecystectomy, which is the most common operation of the digestive system. Langenbuch performed the first cholecystectomy in 1882, after which the number of cholecystectomies increased rapidly, inevitably increasing the number of complications. Iatrogenic bile duct injuries are unfortunately not rare and may have disastrous consequences and very significant long-term morbidity and mortality.1,2 With adherence to well-established technical principles for open cholecystectomy, the incidence of bile duct injuries remained less 0.5% in most of the published retrospective series.3–5