Gly, GlyGly, and GlyAsp Modulate Expression of Genes of the SNF2 Family and DNA Methyltransferases in Regenerants from Calluses of Tobacco Nicotiana tabacum

It was found that short exogenous peptides GlyGly and GlyAsp and the amino acid Gly can have a selective effect on the expression of genes for DNA-methyltransferases and SNF2 proteins from Nicotiana tabacum regenerants. It was noted that Gly and GlyGly decrease the expression of DNA methyltransferase genes (except for CMT3) and increase the expression of CMT3 by almost 30%. It was established that the presence of the acidic dipeptide GlyAsp in the nutrient medium increases the expression of genes not only of the CMT3 DNA methyltransferase but also of the supporting MET1 DNA methyltransferase as compared to the control variant. It was determined that all dipeptides and free glycine reduce (by two to four times) the expression of the DRM2 methyltransferase gene, which is responsible for DNA methylation de novo. It was shown that Gly, GlyGly, and GlyAsp modulate the expression of genes encoding the SNF2 family of proteins, decreasing the expression of almost all genes of the SNF2 family, only GlyGly increasing the expression of genes encoding an actin-dependent protein and CHR12. It was found that a decrease in the expression of the SNF2 genes leads to a decrease in the availability of free DNA for methylation, especially for de novo methylation.