Bi-Level Programming Model for Congestion Pricing under the Interaction between Private Cars and Public Transport Vehicles

Centering on mixed traffic congestion pricing for the coexistence between private cars and public transport vehicles, this paper elaborates the concept of asymmetric impedance under the mixed traffic and calculations of impedance function about private cars and public transport vehicles are respectively given from a practical point of view. A bi-level programming model for congestion pricing was established which can apply to general city network especially on the condition of non-symmetric impedance. The bi-level programming model’s lower level established objective function is based on the traffic assignment theory. The function of the upper level is established with the target of the traffic managers, which is minimizing the total travel time. The ultimate decision objective is to seek a value which can make two levels achieve a state of “optimal.” Finally, the model is solved with the help of penalty function algorithm and step acceleration method, and gives examples, the results of which show that the charge on the congested road can reduce traffic, influence travel behavior of travelers and improve the proportion of public transport options.