Immunotherapy for Metastatic Urothelial Cancer

This chapter explores immunotherapy use for the treatment of metastatic urothelial cancer. Anti-PD-1 and PD-L1 agents such as atezolizumab, avelumab, durvalumab, nivolumab, and pembrolizumab are reviewed. These agents show great promise in the treatment of metastatic urothelial cancer with manageable toxicity profiles when compared to chemotherapy. All of these agents are approved for treating metastatic urothelial cancer in the second-line setting, while atezolizumab and pembrolizumab are approved for treatment in the first-line setting. Trials in other disease states are ongoing.