Nephrology in Spain

Nephrology in Spain has over 60 years of history. Currently, Spain is one of the countries with the longest life expectancy in the world and is expected to top the life expectancy ranking within 20 years. It also leads the ranking of kidney transplantation per million population, and a majority of patients on renal replacement therapy has a functioning kidney graft. However, aging of the population will propel chronic kidney disease-related deaths to second place after Alzheimer’s disease as a cause of death within this century. Thus, a well-prepared, research-oriented Nephrology workforce will be required to tackle the growth of chronic kidney disease and beat expectations.