Traumatic Brain Injury in Elderly Individuals

Elderly individuals are second only to young adults among those most likely to sustain traumatic brain injury. Falls, pedestrian accidents, and low-speed motor vehicle accidents are the most common causes of traumatic brain injury in the elderly and often result in focal contusions or subdural or intraparenchymal hematomas. Individuals with coma lasting less than 6 hours, a supportive social network, and absence of substance abuse are likely to have good outcomes, whereas those living alone and with prolonged coma and chronic alcohol use often have poor outcomes. Slower recovery, a higher rate of medical complications, and payer limitations make necessary careful assessment and imaginative use of home and other settings for treatment. Intensive rehabilitation can be effective with selected elderly individuals.