Biosurfactant-enhanced bioremediation of petroleum hydrocarbons: potential issues, challenges, and future prospects

This chapter focuses on the role of biosurfactants in the remediation of petroleum hydrocarbon by microbes over chemical surfactants. An emphasis has also been placed on the common types, properties, and characteristics of biosurfactants involved in hydrocarbon bioremediation. The potential microbes involved in the cleanup of hydrocarbon-contaminated environments with biosurfactant synthesis are also addressed. The aim is also to introduce the constraints and challenges of biosurfactant production and its use in hydrocarbon remediation. The recent advances in biosurfactant production processes are also elaborated. The strategies for improvement in production of natural surfactants by microbes, cost-effectiveness, and the commercialization of biosurfactants for petroleum hydrocarbon are also emphasized.