Aspiration Syndrome in Children Under One Year of Age

Intranatal aspiration syndrome (AS) in newborns remains a relevant topic in neonatology. Less attention was paid to postnatal aspiration in neonates and infants, despite its clinical significance. Objective of the research - to study AS frequency and structure in children under one year of age, improvement of diagnostic and therapeutic tactics for this pathology. Authors analyzed history of 1052 children (624 neonates and 428 infants), hospitalized in the Department of breast somatic of St. Vladimir9s Children9s Clinical Hospital in 2014. Aspiration was suspected in 115 children (10,9% of all admissions to the department), including 70 newborns (11,2% of those hospitalized in the neonatal period) and 45 infants (10,5% respectively). AS was confirmed in 57 children (5,4% of all hospitalizations). AS frequency in neonates was 6,1%, including intranatal aspiration - 2,2%, postnatal aspiration - 3,8%. AS frequency in infants was 4,4%. Intranatal AS (24,6% of AS structure in children under one year of age) most often leads to aspiration pneumonia development (21,4%). Postnatal AS in neonates and infants occurs much more frequently (75,4%), however, it does not give such a high frequency of inflammatory complications (11,6%), and its most common cause is regurgitation syndrome. Severe AS in this group of children is associated with severe gastroesophageal reflux. Timely examination of newborns and infants with regurgitation and vomiting syndromes is the basis for prevention of severe postnatal AS in the first year of life.