Japanese Beetles: Extracts from Neem Tree Seeds as Feeding Deterrents134

In both laboratory and field tests over a 3-yr period, solvent extracts from seeds of the neem tree, Azadirachta indica A. Juss., successfully deterred Popillia japonica Newman from feeding on sassafras leaves, Sassafras albidum (Nutt.), and soybeans, Glycine max (L.). In most instances, untreated foliage was completely destroyed, whereas leaves protected with the neem extracts remained untouched or, at worst, were only slightly damaged.