ESCVAD: An Energy-Saving Routing Protocol Based on Voronoi Adaptive Clustering for Wireless Sensor Networks

An excellent routing protocol is important for wireless sensor network construction and efficient data transmission. With continuous expansion of the application scenarios and scopes of the Internet of Things, the existing wireless sensor network routing protocols are no longer suitable for the complex network structure and the huge demands of communications. Aiming at these issues of existing routing protocols, such as short network lifetime caused by high energy consumption and uneven distribution of surviving nodes, this paper proposes an energy saving clustering protocol based on adaptive Voronoi dividing, named ESCVAD (Energy Saving Clustering by Voronoi Adaptive Dividing) protocol. The innovation of ESCVAD protocol lies in the adaptive clustering algorithm based on Voronoi dividing and cluster head election optimization algorithm based on distance and energy comprehensive weighting. The advantage of proposed algorithms is effectively to balance the energy consumption between cluster head nodes and cluster member nodes. The simulation results show that, compared with the traditional routing protocols, such as LEACH (Low Energy Adaptive Clustering Hierarchy) protocol and SEP (Stable Energy Protocol), the proposed ESCVAD protocol can effectively reduce the clustering frequency and cluster head electing frequency, so as to reduce signaling interaction frequency, finally result in the energy consumption down and the network lifetime up. Among the six protocols for comparation, ESCVAD has the best network lifetime and energy efficiency.