PSEUDOCARCINOMATOUS HYPERPLASIA IN A PATIENT WITH PERI-IMPLANT DISEASE: A CASE REPORT

Pseudocarcinomatous hyperplasia (PCH) consists of a non-neoplastic epithelial hyperplasia that can mimic squamous cell carcinoma (SCC) both clinically and histopathologically. Some inciting factors have been associated with PCH, including trauma, infection, chronic inflammation, and neoplasia. A 57-year-old female patient, heavy smoker, was referred with complaint of pain at level of the tooth #16, where there was an implant. Clinical examination revealed discharge of pus and swelling of the peri-implant mucosa. Radiographic examination showed progressive bone loss around the dental implant. Therefore, the implant was removed, and the surrounding soft tissue was sent for histopathologic analysis, which revealed foci of the hyperplastic epithelium in the connective tissue that projected from the surface epithelium, surrounding isolated bone trabeculae, and admixed with chronic inflammation. In this case, a relationship between peri-implantitis and PCH is probable, which should be included within the histopathologic spectrum of this peri-implant disease, to avoid misdiagnosis with SCC.